A Brief Introduction
of 56 Ethnic Groups
China is a united multi-ethnic nation of 56 ethnic groups. As the majority
of the population is of the Han ethnic group (accounting for 91.6 percent of the
national total population), China's other 55 ethnic groups are customarily
referred to as the national minorities. According to the fifth national census
in 2000, the national minorities which have a population of over one million
include the Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uygur, Yi, Tujia, Mongolian, Tibetan,
Bouyei, Dong, Yao, Korean, Bai, Hani, Li, Kazak and Dai, totaling 18 ethnic
groups. Among them the Zhuang ethnic group has the biggest population of 16.179
million. There are 17 ethnic groups with a population of between 100,000 and one
million, including She, Lisu, Gelo, Lahu, Dongxiang, Va, Shui, Naxi, Qiang, Tu,
Xibe, Mulam, Kirgiz, Daur, Jingpo, Salar and Maonan.
Han Clothing, worn by Han Chinese people from the semi-legendary Xia
Dynasty (21st century BC - 16th century BC) to the Ming Dynasty,has a recorded
history of more than 3000 years.Qipao and Tangzhuang, although usually regarded
as traditional Chinese clothing, are not regarded as Hanfu by advocates of Hanfu
revival. This is because these were introduced by the Manchus, whom revival
advocates accuse of having stamped out Hanfu in the first place. Qipao and
Tangzhuang are also relatively recent clothing styles, and cannot represent the
entire history of Chinese clothing.
The organization of political power mainly consisted of the rulers of the
Manchu ethnic minority in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), so the customs of Manchu
affected those of the Central Plains. The traditional dress code that had been
handed down for several thousand years was damaged because of the invasion of
the Eight Banners soldiers. It might be said that this innovation was another
improvement of China's traditional dress code. It was the third obvious
revolution after the Mongol Costumes for Arrow Shooting on
Horseback.
The Tibetan ethnic minority is mainly distributed in Tibet Autonomous
Region, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan provinces and their nearby provinces.
The Tibetan ethnic minority is one of the age-old ethnic minorities in China and
its chief agricultural crop is highland barley, but there are also other crops
such as wheat, rape and pea, etc.
The Tibetan style of clothing and adornment can be roughly classified into four major types in terms of the four regions: East Tibet, South Tibet, Middle Tibet and North Tibet.
The Dai are valley-dwelling rice cultivators of China's southwest
frontier. The name "Dai" has been used officially since 1953 to replace "Tai" or
"Thai." There are three major subgroups: Dail(who used to be called "Shui Baiyi"
by the Han, meaning "Dai living near the water"); Daina (Han Baiyi or Han Dai,
Chinese Baiyi or Dai); and Daija (Huayao Dai, "the Dai wearing bright-colored
blouses"). Within each subgroup there are regional units such as Daide, Daipeng,
Daila, Dailian, and Pudai. Neighboring groups "Lahu, Hani, Jingpo, Benglong, Wa,
Bulang, and Achang" call the Dai "Bitso", "Siam", or "La Sam".










