The rescue protection technology is a technology to deal with the damaged ancient books and prevent the further expansion of the damage, mainly including acid removal technology and repair technology.
Research on acid removal technology of ancient books. Folic acid in ancient books is becoming more and more serious, which greatly reduces the life of ancient books. Western countries attach great importance to deacidification of ancient books. The principle of deacidification technology in ancient books is to neutralize the acid in paper with alkaline deacidification agent to achieve the purpose of deacidification. At present, the mainstream deacidification treatment equipment developed abroad mainly includes book keeper equipment of American PTLP company and zfbi2 equipment of German ZFB company. China Dingna Technology Co., Ltd. successfully applied nano materials to the deacidification of ancient books and launched Book Saver anhydrous nano deacidification solution with good effect.
Research on restoration technology of ancient books. Restoration of ancient books is an act intended to restore the damaged ancient books to an earlier state before the damage, in order to prolong the life of the damaged ancient books. At present, the restoration of ancient books in China's large ancient book collection units follows the three principles of minimum intervention, reversibility and identifiability to a certain extent. The principle of minimum intervention means that any necessary restoration measures for ancient books should be kept to the minimum scale. The principle of reversibility means to ensure that ancient books are restored to the state before some restoration measures are taken in the future. The principle of identifiability means that the repaired parts attached to ancient books are different from the original. These principles aim to reduce the side effects of restoration activities and guide the selection and application of ancient book restoration technology and science.
Ancient book restoration is an ancient skill. After the mid-20th century, some scientific instruments and methods have been introduced into the field of ancient book restoration. Scientific restoration technology has become the main development direction of ancient book restoration technology. At present, empirical restoration technology and scientific restoration technology of ancient books complement each other and are applied together. The main research progress of ancient book restoration technology includes:
Repair paper and paste. In order to solve the shortage of paper for ancient book restoration, in recent years, the state has invested special funds to develop the types, names and specifications of restoration paper by the ancient book protection center of the National Library, which is produced in the origin of ancient paper according to the traditional manual papermaking process. There are more than ten kinds of Chinese traditional paste prescriptions, most of which add a variety of drugs to the paste to achieve the purpose of ancient book protection. At present, the paste developed by ancient book restoration units pays more attention to the quality of base materials and finished products.
Ancient book detection technology. Whether and to what extent ancient books need to be repaired, scientific research methods and detection methods are needed. The application of scientific measuring instruments provides a basis for formulating scientific and standardized ancient book restoration schemes. In terms of microbial detection of ancient books, DNA extraction and species identification were carried out for microbial samples on book leaves. In terms of acidification detection of ancient books, chroma detection method and scanning electron microscope method are used to obtain data such as color change of book leaves; Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to find the acidification of ancient books.
Pulp replenisher. The manual repair of ancient books is slow and the quality is uneven. The National Library of China has developed a pulp replenishing machine. Its working principle is to place the ancient book leaves to be repaired flat on the mesh partition, soak them with water, then add prefabricated pulp, and use the negative pressure suction function increased by natural gravity and negative pressure pump to quickly fill the holes on the book leaves with pulp.
Dust removal table for ancient books. Removing dust and germs from ancient books is an important link in the restoration of ancient books. In order to improve the effect and efficiency of dust removal of ancient books, the field of ancient book restoration has developed an ancient book dust removal table. The dust removal station is divided into ancient book automatic cleaning machine and rare ancient book cleaning station. The former is suitable for general ancient books, using intelligent AI algorithm to select the best cleaning method; The latter adopts complex intelligent AI algorithm and strict operating procedures to achieve the best cleaning effect.