Urban Construction
10/8/2004 16:20
Investment in Urban Construction
Starting from the
beginning of 1990s, the city has focused its urban construction on developing
functional and hub infrastructures. For the 1991-2003 period,
Shanghai invested a
total of more than 479.88 billion yuan in its urban construction projects,
representing an average annual growth of 27.1% and accounting for 23.7% of the
total investment in the fixed assets in the same period. Featuring massive
investment, high speed and large scale, Shanghai's endeavor in
upgrading local infrastructure facilities has not only changed the city's
skyline, but also markedly improved its investment environment.
Shanghai has become
taller and more beautiful than ever before.
Investment in City Infrastructure
Infrastructure Investment (100 million
yuan)
Percentage in Total Fixed Asset Investment
(%)
1990
47.22 20.8
1991
61.38 23.8
1992
84.35 23.6
1993
167.94 25.7
1994
238.16 21.2
1995
273.78 17.1
1996
378.78 19.4
1997
412.85 20.9
1988
531.38 29.3
1999
501.39 29.2
2000
451.35 26.7
2001
510.78 25.7
2002
583.49 26.7
2003
604.62 24.7
Key Urban Construction Projects
According to its
overall urban development plans and goals, the city has speed up the key urban
construction projects through scientific coordination. It has already completed
the construction of the Nanpu
Bridge, the
Yangpu
Bridge, the
Elevated Inner-Ring
Road, the
Elevated Yan'an
Road, Metro Line 1, Metro
Line 2, the first phase of the Pearl Light Rail, the maglev line, the first
phase of the Pudong
International Airport, and the
Min-Xin line of Metro V. In 2003, Shanghai invested
62.152 billion yuan into key urban construction projects. In the year, it had
completed or initially completed 25 key projects, including the construction of
the second phase of the Hu-Min
Elevated Road, widening of
Dalian
Road and the Zhuyuan Waste
Water Treatment Plant. The city had also completed the construction of the
Outer-Ring-Road tunnel, the Lupu
Bridge and the
Dalian
Road tunnel. As a result, the
traffic lanes connecting Puxi downtown area and Pudong had increased from 26 to
44, greatly alleviating the congestion of crossing the
Huangpu
River
traffic.
*
Nanpu
Bridge The 8,346-meter-long bridge
has an under-clearance of 46 meters, thus allowing ships with a tonnage of
55,000 to pass under it. As a cable-stayed bridge, its main bridge is 846 meters
long and 30.35 meters wide, divided into six lanes. The approaches have a
combined length of 7,500 meters and the West
Shanghai spiral approach is 3,754 meters
long. The bridge called a total investment of 820 million yuan and was completed
and opened to traffic on December 1, 1991. The bridge spans
the Huangpu
River like a
flying dragon and it has helped the locals to make their dream of "having a
bridge across the Huangpu
River" come
true.
City Infrastructure
Facilities
City Infrastructure Facilities
Unit
1990 1995 2000 2003
Waterworks production capacity
10,000 tons/day 462 823 1048
1064
Length of water pipeline
kilometer 3483 10647 15943
Length of natural gas pipeline
kilometer # # 1742.4 #
Natural gas user
10,000 households # # 38.1 87.5
Length of city roads
kilometer 1631 3008 6641 #
Area of city roads
10,000 sqm 1787 3434 8147
#
Length of sewage pipeline
kilometer 1892 2536 3920 #
Sewage treatment capacity
10,000 tons/day 41 49 463
#
Urban green area
hectare 3570 6561 12601 #
# Public green area hectare 983 1793 4812
#
* Lupu
Bridge With a total length of 8.7
kilometers, the bridge starts from Luban Road in
Puxi, spans the Huangpu
River and reaches
Jiyang
Road in Pudong. Its main
section is 3.9 kilometers long and the southern extension 4.8 kilometers. Its
main bridge is a whole-steel structure and it flies across the
river with a 750-meter main
arch. The main bridge has six traffic lanes and its approaches have four or six
lanes. The bridge¡¯s under-clearance reaches 46 meters and it provides a water
navigation lane of 340 meters wide. With a total investment of more than 2
billion yuan, the bridge was completed and open to traffic in
2003.
* Dalian Road
Tunnel Going across the
Huangpu
River underneath,
the Dalian Road Tunnel starts from Dalian Road in
Puxi in the north and reaches Dongfang Road in
Pudong in the south. It parallels with the second phase of the Pearl Line Light
Rail. It is consisted of a round tunnel section, the buried section, the
approaches and the surface road section. The tunnel has four traffic lanes going
two ways and each lane is 3.75 meters wide. The lane above-clearance is 4.5
meters. It is designed for a speed of 40 kilometers per hour. The section
underneath the river is a duel-tube structure. The total construction line of
the east tube is 2,566 meters long and that of the west one is 2,550 meters
long. With a total investment of 1.56 billion yuan, the tunnel was completed and
open to traffic in 2003.
* Network of Elevated Roads The city's network of
elevated roads consists of the Elevated Inner-Ring Road, the Elevated
South-North Road, and the
Elevated Yan'an
Road. The
Elevated Inner-Ring
Road goes along the circular
Zhongshan
Road and links up the two
sides along the Huangpu
River through the
Nanpu
Bridge and the
Yangpu
Bridge. With a
total length of 48 kilometers, the Puxi section winds for 29.2 kilomet
ers and is all elevated road,
while the Pudong section extends about 8 kilometers and is mostly surface road.
The Elevated South-North
Road goes across the city
center, winding through Zhabei, Jing'an, Huangpu and Luwan districts. With a
total length of 8.45 kilometers, it has six lanes. The
Elevated Yan'an
Road starts from the
Zhongshan Road E1 in the east and reaches the
Hongqiao
Airport in the
west. With a total length of 14.8 kilometers, it connects with the other two
elevated roads to form an elevated road network in the city
center.
* Rail Network The city has already
completed the first phase of Metro Line 1, Metro Line 2 and the Pear Line Light
Rail. An urban rail network has taken its initial shape. With a total length of
21.39 kilometers, the Metro Line 1 goes from Xinzhuang to the Shanghai Railway
Station, with 17 stops. Traveling at a speed limit of 80 kilometer/hour, it
takes about 33 minutes to ride the whole line. The Metro Line 2 is the east-west
artery of the rail network. With a total length of 27.03 kilometers, it goes
from the Hongqiao
Airport to
Longdong Road
E. in Pudong. It has 17
stops. Its first phase, winding from Zhongshan
Park in Puxi to
Longdong
Road in Pudong, is 16.43
kilometers long and has 12 stops. It was completed and put into operation in
July 2000.
The first phase of the Pear Line Light Rail,
the first of its kind in China,
extends from Caohejing in southwest of the city to
Jiangwan
Town in the
northeast. With a total length of 25 kilometers, sections of 21.5 kilometers are
elevated and the rest goes on surface. It has 19 stops and was put into
operation in October 2000.
* The Xin-Min Line
of Metro Line 5 The
Xin-Min Line is an express artery for Minhang District to reach the cen
ter of the city.
Starting from Xinzhuang Station in the north and reaching the Tianxing Road
Station in Minhang development zone, the line extends 17 kilometers. Except for
the 410 meters of the line going on the ground for stations, the rest is all
elevated. The line
has 11 stations.
With a total construction investment of more than 3 billion yuan, the line was
completed and open to traffic in 2003.
* The First Phase of Pudong International
Airport Covering a total area of 32 square kilometers,
Pudong
International Airport is about
30 kilometers away from the city's downtown area and about 40 kilometers from
Hongqiao
Airport. The
first phase included the construction of a 4,000 meters long and 60 meters wide
runway which can accommodate all kinds of large airplanes; a 102-meter-high
control tower which is the highest in
China and an
lounge building with a construction area of 272,000 square meters. With a total
of 28 boarding gates, the airport allows 18 large and 10 medium-sized passenger
planes to land at the same time. The cargo transport station and the business
building have a combined construction area of 49,000 square meters and the food
distribution center occupies an area of 26,300 square meters. The main road
leading to the airport is divided into eight lanes. With an investment of 13
billion yuan, the first phase has a designed annual capacity of handling 20
million passengers and 750,000 tons of cargo. It was open to traffic in October
1999.
* Century Boulevard The 4.2-kilometer
Century Boulevard is an axis avenue of the Pudong New Area. At 100 meters, the
avenue is Shanghai's widest.
Eight traffic lanes will occupy 31 meters of the width. The rest will be given
over to sidewalks and landscaping. Eight botanical gardens will be built on the
northern sidewalk, which is 44.5 meters wide. The southern side is 24.5 meters
wide. The gardens will feature an extensive array of flora, including white
magnolias -- the city flower, camellias, cypress and willow. The southern
sidewalk will mainly be dressed in camphor trees. With a total investment of
1.35 billion yuan, the boulevard opened to traffic at the beginning of
2000.
* Exemplary Maglev Line It is the first commercial
maglev line in the world. It is also the first maglev line in
China, which
is designed for transportation, sightseeing and tour trips. This exemplary line
starts from the southern side of the Longyang Road Station of Metro Line 2 in
the west and ends at the eastern side of the terminal building of the first
phase of the Pudong
International Airport in the
east. With a total length of 30 kilometers, the maglev train has a designed
speed of 505 kilometers per hour and travels at a speed of 430 kilometers per
hour. The train has nine cars and it takes a seven-minute ride to cover the
whole line. It was put into trial operation on December 31, 2002.
* Hu-Qing-Ping Expressway
This is part ofthe 318 State Expressway, which
links up Jiangsu
Province, Zhejiang Province and
Shanghai
Municipality. It
is also an important section of the city's expressway network. The middle
section of the Hu-Qing-Ping Expressway, with a total length of 28 kilometers,
starts from Zhongchun
Road in the east and ends at
Zhufeng
Highway in the west. Its
designed speed is 120 kilometers per hour. Along this section, there are four
flyovers: Jiasong, Waiqingsong, Tongsan and Zhufeng. With a total investment of
1.67 billion yuan, it was completed and open to traffic by the end of
2002.
* Shanghai Section of
Tong-San
State
Expressway This is
north-south artery state expressway in the national highway plans of the
Ministry of Communications. It links up Tongjiang
City in
Heilongjiang
Province and
Sanya
City in
Hainan
Province. The
Shanghai section
starts from the Anting Flyover at the Hu-Ning Expressway and ends at the
Qijiadun
Wharf in Jinshan
District, winding across Qingpu, Songjiang and Jinshan districts. With a length
of 75 kilometers and a designed speed of 120 kilometers per hour, it has four
lanes. This section was completed and open to traffic by the end of
2002.
* The Second Phase of
Hu-Min Elevated
Road The second phase of
Hu-Min Elevated
Road is located in the
southwestern area of the city. With a total length of 5.6 kilometers, it
connects the first phase in the east and the Xinzhuang Flyover in the west. The
standard section of the road is 25.5 meters wide, providing six traffic lanes in
both ways. The ground road underneath has six motor lanes and two bike lanes.
The road has four pairs of ramps connecting the ground along the whole line and
seven ramps connecting Hongmei Flyover and the elevated road system of the
city¡¯s second railway station, which will begin construction soon. The elevated
road¡¯s structure is made of box girders with a curved section. As a result, the
elevated road features soft lines and graceful shapes. With a total investment
of 812 billion yuan, the project was completed and open to traffic in
2003.
Old City Areas Revamping
In 1990s, Shanghai launched a
project to revamp 3.65 million square meters of dilapidated housing. After 10
years' efforts, the project was completed by the end of 2000. During the
1991-2003 period, the city dismantled 16.3565 million square meters of old
housing and moved out xxx households. In 2003, the city built 101 model
residential zones with better planning, design, construction and
management.
Urban Environment Protection
Shanghai has made remarkable progress in pollution control and environment
protection and the city's environment has greatly improved. In 2003, the city
invested 19.153 billion yuan into environmental protection projects, accounting
for 3.06% of its GDP. The city had launched a number of key water treatment
projects, including the second phase of the comprehensive treatment of the
Suzhou Creek and the third phase of waste water treatment. As a result, the
water quality in the city had been further improved. The air quality in the city
had also been improved. The average index of air-borne particles dropped 11%
from the previous year and the content of sulfur dioxide and that of nitrogen
dioxide remained at the same level, reaching the state-set standards for Grade
II air quality. For more than 89% of the days in 2003, the city's air quality
index reached Grade II or better.
Urban Greening
Efforts have been taken to plant more trees
and grass in the city and as a result, Shanghai's green area
has increased in the last few years. By the end of 2003, the city's areas of
green, parks and gardens amounted to xxx hectares. Of the total, xxx hectares
were public green areas. The average per capita green area reached 9.16 square
meters in the city and the green area coverage reached 35.2% of the city's total
territory. In recent years, the city had built more than 200 green areas, each
covering a space of 3,000 square meters or more. Such green areas included the
Yan'an Road C. Green, Taipingqiao Green, Huangxing
Park, Daning
Green, the Xujiahui
Park, the third
phase of the Square
Park, the third
phase of the Xujiahui
Park and the
48-kilometer-long green belts circling the city. These green areas have largely
improved the living and working environment of local
residents.
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