
The most important theoretician of the Legalist school of thought, also
known as the School of Law, is Han Feizi. He was born as a prince in the ruling
family of the state of Han. Han Feizi drew up plans for Han to increase its
power, but the Han ministers did not utilize them, so he concentrated on writing
essays on his philosophy of government. In 233 B.C. the state of Han sent him on
a mission to the neighboring state of Qin, whose power threatened Han, and the
Qin king apparently decided to give Han Feizi a position in his own government.
One of the Qin king's ministers, Li Si, removed his rival by imprisoning Han
Feizi and forcing him to commit suicide with poison. Han Feizi and Li Si had
both been fellow students of Xunzi, then the leading philosopher in the
Confucian school of thought. Li Si later became the first prime minister of the
Qin dynasty (221-206 BC) under Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who brutally employed
Legalist principles to create a centralized Chinese empire. Confucian scholars
attributed the rapid collapse of the Qin to the principles of Legalism, which
they despised, although they appreciated the practical recommendations for
government put forth in Legalist manuals.
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