China’s first automated asphalt paving vehicles started work on a road in the city’s western outskirts yesterday.

A vehicle and two road rollers, all unmanned and supported by artificial intelligence and theBeiDou Navigation Satellite System, were in action on Zhujian Road in Qingpu District.

A 3D monitoring system can ensure the flatness of the surface, while checking the temperature of the asphalt with infrared rays to adjust the rolling speed. The BeiDou system helps improveaccuracy of the vehicles to within 5 centimeters.

If anyone is detected within 1.5 meters of the vehicles, they brake immediately and resume operation after people walk away.

The vehicles can reduce the number of workers required by a third compared with traditional methods. Only a few engineers are required to supervise from a remote command center.

The unmanned vehicles can be used to pave roads, elevated highways and even airport tarmacs, said Jiang Haili, chief engineer with the Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co Road and Bridge Group, a major local road and bridge constructor.

The group, along with the Sanyi Heavy Industry Co and Shanghai BeiDou Satellite Navigation Platform Co, began developing the automated vehicles two years ago, when a large number of asphalt paving workers quit.

“Workers have to endure high ground temperature of up to 60 degrees Celsius and strong smell from the hot asphalt for hours,” said Yuan Xueqiang, a senior asphalt paving worker with the group.

“The high ground temperature would even melt our special shoe soles after standing for half an hour.”

Yuan has taken part in the constructions of over a dozen of local bridges and the Shanghai International Circuit, where surfaces have to be of the highest standard.

The number of asphalt paving workers has dropped by 45 percent within five years in the group, said Jiang. “Young workers prefer delivering parcels or meals which are less toilsome and more profitable.”

The experiences of Yuan and other senior workers have been transported into the programs and algorithms of the automated system, Jiang said. It can not only improve the working condition of the remaining staff, but also ensure the quality of the road surface, which previously mainly relied on human experience, he added.

The companies are also using 5G technology, the next generation of wireless technology, on the vehicles, which can further improve accuracy and data transmission from construction site tocommand center.

“More automated vehicles and mechanical equipment are being developed,” said Liu Qiubao, a senior Sanyi director.

The heavy industry company has been developing an automated excavator, concrete pump truck and transport vehicles, Liu stated.